The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics relationship in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion to determine how they will react in a human body.
During drug development, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) are two key properties used to understand how medications behave in the body and how the body reacts to medications. Use the following objectives to help you better understand the PK/PD relationship using the parameters of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion:
Absorption: Compare the absorption drugs given via the intravascular and extravascular routes. Be sure to include the following that influence drug absorption: local versus systemic effect, dosage form and drug solubility, and bioavailability as part of your response. Explain how this influences the APRN’s prescribing plan when treating patients.
Distribution: Briefly explain the process of drug distribution as it occurs throughout the body. Be sure to include the following factors that influence volume of distribution: lipophilicity, molecular weight, ionized state, and protein binding as part of your response. Explain how this influences the APRN’s prescribing plan when treating patients.
Metabolism: Briefly explain the process of drug metabolism as it occurs for intravascular and extravascular routes of administration. Be sure to include the following that influence drug metabolism: primary site of metabolism, oral versus intravenous drug metabolism, prodrug versus nonprodrug metabolism, and phase I and phase II reactions as part of your response. Explain how this influences the APRN’s prescribing plan when treating patients.
Excretion: Briefly explain the process of drug excretion as it occurs to remove the drug from the body. Be sure to include the following factors that influence drug excretion: route of excretion (e.g., kidney, liver, gut, lungs, and skin), zero versus first order PK, half-life, and steady state as part of your response. Explain how this influences the APRN’s prescribing plan when treating patients.
Provide a brief patient case scenario that you have seen in practice and apply PK/PD principles to the drug used in that scenario. Explain how the APRN would obtain safety data for this drug and incorporate it into the pharmacological treatment plan. You are required to cite 5-10 sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the past 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.